Separatyzm bez secesji. Kwestionowanie kompetencji i ograniczanie funkcjonowania instytucji państwowych Bośni i Hercegowiny przez władze Republiki Serbskiej

The article examines the policy of the Republika Srpska authorities towards the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the adoption of the Republika Srpska National Assembly conclusions on 10 December 2021 to the repeal of six laws on 18 October 2025. It asks whether these actions produced a durable capacity for secession or restricted the exercise of state competences without carrying secession through. The study combines institutional analysis with a structured qualitative analysis of documents. Normative scope, executive implementation and durability are compared across the judiciary, law-enforcement agencies, election administration, defence and indirect taxation. The findings show a selective pattern of escalation. Institutions capable of overseeing or sanctioning the Republika Srpska elite were targeted most strongly, while cooperation delivering revenue and public services was largely preserved. The gap between extensive declarations and limited implementation, the small number of departures from state institutions and the repeal of the laws in October 2025 indicate that a comprehensive infrastructure of an independent state was not created. The policy nevertheless temporarily weakened jurisdiction, legal certainty and the coordinating capacity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Separatism without secession therefore operated as a method of contesting the scope and enforceability of state competences and as an instrument for protecting the political position of the Republika Srpska authorities.